The trio shared the Prize for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm.
The announcement was made in Stockholm on Monday and is the first of the prizes to be made known by the Nobel Prize committee.
Circadian in circadian rhythm, originates from the Latin words circa meaning “around” and dies meaning “day”.
The scientists were able to establish how man’s biological clock helps to regulate sleep patterns, feeding behavior, hormone release and blood pressure.
Using fruit flies as a model organism, this year’s Nobel laureates isolated a gene that controls the daily biological rhythm.
The Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine has been awarded 107 times to 211 Nobel laureates between 1901 and 2016.
Yoshinori Ohsumi won in 2016 for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy while in 2015, William Campbell and Satoshi Ōmura shared the honour for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites.